Spandex fiber is the abbreviation of polyurethane fiber. The trade names include Lycra (Lycra, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Canada, Brazil), neolon (neolon, Japan), dorlastan (dorlastan, Germany), etc. Firstly, it was successfully studied by German Bayer company in 1937, and American DuPont company began industrial production in 1959. At present, there are nearly 40 factories and seven lines of production, with a total annual output of about 100000 tons, and China's existing production capacity of about 10000 tons. Spandex is a kind of synthetic fiber, which contains more than 85 percent polyurethane.
Spandex tolasining ikkita turi mavjud, biri aromatik diizosiyanaza va gidroksil o'z ichiga olgan poliester segmentining mozaik sopolimeri (bundan buyon matnda polyester spandeks deb yuritiladi), ikkinchisi aromatik diizosiyanatning mozaik sopolimeri va gidroksil o'z ichiga olgan polieter segmenti (bundan buyon matnda deb yuritiladi). polieter spandeks). Spandex tolasi, elastik poliolefin tolasi va elastik kompozit tolalar birgalikda elastik tolalar deb ataladi.
Sintetik tola yuqori uzilish cho‘zilishi (400 foizdan ortiq), moduli past va elastikligi yuqori. Ko'p blokli poliuretan tolasining Xitoy savdo nomi. Elastik tola sifatida ham tanilgan. Spandex yuqori cho'zilish (500 foiz 700 foiz), past elastik modul (200 foiz cho'zilish, 0,04 0,12 g / Dan) va yuqori elastik tiklanish (200 foiz cho'zilish, 95 foiz 99 foiz) ga ega. Yuqori quvvatga qo'shimcha ravishda, boshqa jismoniy va mexanik xususiyatlar tabiiy lateks ipakka juda o'xshash. U lateks simga qaraganda kimyoviy buzilishlarga chidamli, o'rtacha termal barqarorlikka ega va yumshatilish harorati 200 darajadan yuqori. Sintetik va tabiiy tolalar uchun ishlatiladigan bo'yoqlar va pardozlash vositalarining aksariyati spandexni bo'yash va tugatish uchun ham javob beradi. Spandex terga chidamli, dengiz suviga chidamli va turli xil quruq tozalash vositalariga va ko'pchilik quyosh kremiga chidamli. Quyosh nuriga yoki xlorli oqartirgichga uzoq muddatli ta'sir qilish ham yo'qoladi, ammo pasayish darajasi spandeks turiga qarab katta farq qiladi.
Spandex fiber has such high elasticity because its polymer chain is composed of low melting point and amorphous "soft" segments as the matrix and high melting point and crystalline "hard" segments embedded in it. Flexible chain segments form a certain network structure by certain cross{{0}}linking between molecular chains. Due to the small interaction force between molecular chains, they can stretch freely, resulting in large elongation. The molecular linkage force of rigid segment is relatively large, and the molecular chain will not elongate indefinitely, resulting in high resilience. Most of the cross sections of radon fiber filaments are dog bone shaped, and some filaments have smooth or serrated surfaces. The breaking strength is the lowest among all textile fibers, only 0.44 0.88cn/dtex (the strength of polyether type is higher than that of polyester type). The moisture absorption range is small, generally 0.3-1.2 percent (the moisture absorption rate of multifilament is slightly higher than that of monofilament). The heat resistance varies greatly depending on the variety. Most fibers are stored in the range of 90 150 degree for a short time, and the fibers will not be damaged. The safe ironing temperature is below 150 degree , which can be heated and wet washed. It has excellent dyeing performance and can be dyed into various colors. The dyes have strong affinity for fiber, can adapt to most kinds of dyes, and has good chemical resistance, resistance to most acid and alkali, chemicals, organic solvents, dry cleaners and bleaches, as well as resistance to sunlight and wind and snow, but not oxide, which is easy to turn yellow and reduce the strength of fiber.
Spandex odatda yolg'iz ishlatilmaydi, lekin oz miqdorda matoga aralashtiriladi. Ushbu turdagi tola ham kauchuk, ham tolali xususiyatlarga ega. Ularning ko'pchiligi spandeksli o'za ipda, elastik yadroli ip deb ataladigan asosiy ip sifatida ishlatiladi. Ushbu ipning asosiy xarakteristikalari quyidagilardan iborat: birinchidan, u yaxshi qo'l tuyg'usi va ko'rinishini olishi mumkin va tabiiy toladan tashkil topgan tashqi tolalar namlikni yaxshi singdirishga ega; Ikkinchidan, faqat 1-10 foiz spandeks filamenti yuqori sifatli elastik ip ishlab chiqarishi mumkin; Uchinchidan, elastik foizni nazorat qilish diapazoni 10 foizdan 20 foizgacha va mahsulot maqsadiga ko'ra turli xil elastik qiymatlarni tanlash mumkin. Turli qalinlikdagi 25 2500 denye ipakni yigirmoq oson, shuning uchun paypoq og'zi, mebel qopqog'i, chang'i kiyimlari, sport kiyimlari, tibbiy matolar, kamarlar, Quartermaster uskunalari, aerokosmikning elastik qismlari kabi elastik to'quv matolarini tayyorlash uchun keng qo'llaniladi. kiyimlar va boshqalar. Odamlar matolarga engil, qulay va yumshoq to'qimalar kabi yangi talablarni ilgari surganidek, sintetik tolali matolarda past denierli spandeksli matolarning ulushi ham ortib bormoqda. Bundan tashqari, spandeks yalang'och ipak va spandex va boshqa tolalar birikmasidan hosil bo'lgan o'ralgan ip sifatida ishlatiladi. U asosan har xil trikotaj va to'qilgan trikotaj matolar, to'quv matolari va elastik matolar uchun ishlatiladi.
